Sweets that are good for teeth
This article is an excerpt from the book titled: The Complete Guide to Natural Toothache Remedies and Re-mineralization
Great Tasting Sweets that are also good for Your Teeth
It can be easy to assume that foods that prevent / heal cavities have to taste bad or bland. This is a false belief. For example, warm sunshine creates vitamin D in our bodies, one of the best vitamins that ward off cavities and strengthen teeth and studies have found that dark chocolate plays a role in the prevention of cavities.
Many of us were brought up to believe that sweet foods are bad for our teeth. This is true for some foods, however did you know that there are some foods that taste sweet and are good for your teeth? This short chapter is devoted to foods that not only taste good, but also keep the teeth free of cavities, or in some cases reverse cavities and avoid a root canal altogether. I wish I had these when I had my root canal.
Ice Cream
A study using ice-cream to deliver probiotics to 40 adolescents (Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 and Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5) discovered Significant reduction in their salivary MS scores reported after consumption of the probiotic ice cream (The Use of Probiotic Strains in Caries Prevention: A Systematic Review, that was conducted by Maria Grazia Cagetti, and published in July of 2013).
A Lollipop that Prevents Cavities
Licorice root (Glycyrrhizol A) is a sweet tasting herb that contains substances that exhibit strong antimicrobial activity against cariogenic bacteria. A research study created a method for producing a sugar-free lollipop containing licorice root, aiming to effectively kill cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans. The study found that the licorice lollipops were not only sugar-free, but that their antimicrobial activity is stable in lollipop form. Two pilot human studies were conducted which found that brief applications of these lollipops (twice a day for 10 days total) led to a significant reduction of oral causing cariogenic bacteria in the oral cavity among most of the human subjects tested (Development and evaluation of a safe and effective sugar-free herbal lollipop that kills cavity-causing bacteria. Chu-hong Hu. et al. Jan 2011).
Dark Chocolate (Cocoa) for the Prevention of Cavities
The following information comes from a meta-data analysis study titled: Anti-cariogenic effects of polyphenols from plant stimulant beverages (cocoa, coffee, tea), which was conducted by Ferrazzano GF and published in May 2009. Recent studies have found that cocoa, coffee and tea are abundant in polyphenols which play a role in the prevention of cariogenic processes (cavity formation). This is due to their antibacterial action. The main substances responsible for the protection against cavities in dark chocolate are Cocoa polyphenol pentamers, which have been scientifically proven to significantly reduce acid production and biofilm formation produced by the cavity forming bacteria Streptococcus mutans and S. sanguinis.
Dark Chocolate reduces Cavities by 73 per cent
Studies on hamsters in which 20% of their sugar containing control diet was replaced by sweetened chocolate, had a reduction in their caries by up to 35 per cent when fed milk chocolate and up to 73 per cent when fed dark chocolate (Inhibition of hamster caries by substance in chocolate. A Strålfors. Sept 1967).
Roasted Coffee for Strong and Healthy Teeth
Roasted Coffee and Green Tea contain the substances caffeine, chlorogenic acid and trigonelline which interfere with the cavity causing bacteria Streptococcus mutans' ability to cause cavities (Anti-cariogenic effects of polyphenols from plant stimulant beverages (cocoa, coffee, tea) Ferrazzano GF et al. May 2009).
A Dark Chocolate Rich Diet for the Prevention of Periodontitis
Studies conducted by Tomofuji et al. examined the effects of a cocoa-enriched diet (10% of total food intake) on gingival oxidative stress upon rats that had periodontitis. His study concluded that a cocoa rich diet diminished periodontitis-induced oxidative stress, thus possibly suppressing the progression of periodontitis. The study further observed that the rats did not exhibit gingival infection compared to the control group. The study recommended further studies to define the optimum dose of dark chocolate in the diet for healthy teeth and gums as well as new experiments to develop inflammatory processes to reduce chronic periodontitis in humans.
Some Chocolates and Cocoas may REDUCE the risk for Cavities and Periodontal Disease
Studies by Mao et al. found that consuming some cocoas and chocolates could reduce the risk for dental caries and periodontal disease. Their hypothesis was that purified cocoa flavanol oligomers inhibits the bacteria responsible for cavities via immunomodulatory effects in the production of various cytokines as well as the abundance of procyanidins. Especially noted was the presence of the cytokine IgA which has been shown to exhibit protective effects in periodontal diseases. The study concluded that dark chocolate could be therapeutic for those suffering from periodontal disease.
Further Reading
The effect of cocoa ash on caries in the rat: comparison of ashed cocoa with a mineral mixture. Kinkel HJ et al. May 1960.
The role of cacao extract in reduction of the number of mutans streptococci colonies in the saliva of 12-14 year-old-children. Fajriani et al. Apr 2016.
Inhibition of hamster caries by cocoa. Caries inhibition of water and alcohol extracts of cocoa. Strålfors A. Mar 1966.
Effect on hamster caries by dialysed, detanned or carbon-treated water-extract of cocoa. Strålfors A. Jun 1966.
Dark Chocolate contains Less Sugar
The next time you are in the supermarket, look at the nutrition facts label of a 90% Cacao Chocolate Bar. You will find it has much less sugar then a standard chocolate bar, which can contain on average up to 15 grams of sugar. 90% dark chocolate contains on average between 2 and 8 grams of sugar.
Lozenges
Another study used lozenges to deliver probiotics (Lactobacillus brevis CD2) to 191 children. The subjects sucked on the lozenges at six week intervals. The study found a statistically significant reduction in cariogenic oral bacteria at the end of the study (The Use of Probiotic Strains in Caries Prevention: A Systematic Review, that was conducted by Maria Grazia Cagetti, and published in July of 2013).
Honey
Honey applied topically minimizes the severity of oral mucositis in patients that had oral cancer. Honey also expedites healing and reduces the occurrence of oral fungal infections as well as reduce the incidence of cavities due to its ability to inhibit colonization by S. mutans. Also studies have found that Manuka honey restricts the growth of S. mutans (Beneficial effects of specific natural substances on oral health. Sameer Shaikh, MDSc and S. Manoj Kumar, Dec 2017).
Chewing Gums for Healthy Teeth
Meswak Extract Chewing Gum
This chewing gum was found to promote periodontal health due to its ability to reverse plaque, bleeding and gingival in the gums (Salvadora persica L. (Meswak) in dental hygiene. Hilal Ahmad and K Rajagopal. Jul(y 2014).
Persica Chewing Gum
This gum exhibits strong effects on gingival bleeding and gingival inflammation (Salvadora persica L. (Meswak) in dental hygiene. Hilal Ahmad and K Rajagopal. Jul(y 2014).
Probiotic Chewing Gum
The probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri was administered via chewing gum two times daily for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, the study discovered that plaque in the group taking the probiotic fell significantly. The study concluded that Lactobacillus reuteri was highly effective in reducing both plaque and gingivitis in patients with moderate to severe gingivitis (Probiotics in periodontal health and disease that was conducted by Anirban Chatterjee et al. and published in January of 2011), (Decreased gum bleeding and reduced gingivitis by the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri. Krasse P et al. 2006), (Short-term effect of chewing gums containing probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri on the levels of inflammatory mediators in gingival crevicular fluid. Svante Twetman et al. Jul 2009).
Cranberries
Cranberry was found to prevent the formation of P. gingivalis and it also inhibited tooth demineralization (Inhibition of Oral Pathogens Adhesion to Human Gingival Fibroblasts by Wine Polyphenols Alone and in Combination with an Oral Probiotic. Adelaida Esteban-Fernández et al. Feb 2018).
What is Gingivalis?
Gingivalis is a bacteria found in the oral cavity, where it is responsible for periodontal diseases. It is also found in the respiratory tract and colon.Cheese and Peanuts
Cheese and peanuts have been found to reduce the acid production after eating foods high in sucrose (Role of Sugar and Sugar Substitutes in Dental Caries: A Review that was conducted by Prahlad Gupta et al and published in December of 2013).
When a test group of elderly people consumed cheese containing L. rhamnosus strains GG and LC705 and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS for 16 weeks, the number of high oral yeast counts decreased (Probiotics and Oral Health. Anna Haukioja. Jul 2010).
Carob
Carob, commonly used as a chocolate substitute, contains an abundance of gallic acid (as do walnuts) which enhances tooth remineralization, reduces the effects caused by demineralization and synergizes with chitosan (Chitosan effect on dental enamel de-remineralization: an in vitro evaluation. Arnaud TM et al. Nov 2010), (Changes in composition and enamel demineralization inhibition activities of gallic acid at different pH values. Zhang J et al. Feb 2015).
Raisins
Raisins are beneficial to oral health due to their antimicrobial action against oral pathogens which are responsible for causing cavities and / or periodontal disease (Beneficial effects of specific natural substances on oral health. Sameer Shaikh, MDSc and S. Manoj Kumar, Dec 2017).
Curry Leaf
A research study found that a mouthrinse containing curry leaf can be considered as a safe and effective alternative to Chlorhexidine (Effectiveness of Curry-Leaf Mouthwash in Maintaining Salivary and Tongue pH as Compared to Chlorhexidine Mouthwash: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Gupta A and Purohit A. Jan 2018).
Olives
A research study examined the antimicrobial impact of an extract of olive and found that low doses of olive exhibited strong bactericidal effects at low concentrations against strict anaerobic bacteria (Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Parvimonas micra). (High-Level Antimicrobial Efficacy of Representative Mediterranean Natural Plant Extracts against Oral Microorganisms. Lamprini Karygianni, et al. Jun 2014).
What is Fusobacterium nucleatum?
F. nucleatum is a key component of plaque and also plays a role in periodontal disease.
Red Wine
Extracts of red wine were shown to reduce the severity of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum. The study found that red wine inhibited antimicrobial action in an oral biofilm model that consisted of F. nucleatum, Streptococcus. oralis, S. mutans, Actynomyces oris and Veillonella, including choice oral streptococci. Also studies by Muñoz-González and colleagues stated that bactericidal effects of caffeic acid extracted from red wine and grape seed extract were effective against F. nucleatum. caffeic and p-coumaric acids and provinols extract was found to inhibit biofilm formation of F. nucleatum (Inhibition of Oral Pathogens Adhesion to Human Gingival Fibroblasts by Wine Polyphenols Alone and in Combination with an Oral Probiotic. Adelaida Esteban-Fernández et al. Feb 2018). (Red wine and oenological extracts display antimicrobial effects in an oral bacteria biofilm model. Muñoz-González et al. May 2014), (Natural Antimicrobials and Oral Microorganisms: A Systematic Review on Herbal Interventions for the Eradication of Multispecies Oral Biofilms. Lamprini Karygianni, et al. Jan 2016), (Effect of Wine Wastes Extracts on the Viability and Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Carolina María Viola et al. Jul 2015), (Antibiofilm Activity of Plant Polyphenols. Lívia Slobodníková, et al. Dec 2016).
Further Reading
Remineralization of Artificial Caries in Primary Teeth by Grape Seed Extract: An In Vitro Study. Mahkameh Mirkarimi et al. Dec 2013.
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Combining certain extracts with naringin, quercetin, genistein, piperine, and can enhance the bioavailability of an extract, when drops of the extracts are placed directly under the tongue and held for up to 15 seconds |
Red wine and Probiotics
Reciprocal activity was found to take place between probiotics and polyphenols. This includes phenolic extracts of red wine combined with the probiotics Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Also combinations of red wine with oenological-origin probiotic strains were shown to exhibit inhibitory effects against E. coli adhesion (Inhibition of Oral Pathogens Adhesion to Human Gingival Fibroblasts by Wine Polyphenols Alone and in Combination with an Oral Probiotic. Adelaida Esteban-Fernández et al. Feb 2018).
Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens)
Wintergreen is part of the Ericaceae family of trees. Wintergreen is commonly used as a mouth rinse and makes an excellent antiseptic and exhibits strong astringency properties (tightens tissues). Cotton swabs soaked in wintergreen oil are used for the relief / remedy for gum inflammation and sore throats. Studies by Nikoli et al. showed Wintergreen essential oil exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, and that it exhibits good antioxidant behavior (Periodontal Disease and Phytotherapy. Petrovic MS. et al. March 2015. Journal of Oral Hygiene & Health. ISSN: 2332-0702).
A commercial mouthrinse that has been for sale for over 100 years consisting of thymol, eucalyptol, menthol and methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen) was scientifically studied for its ability to reduce plaque. The study found that it reduced plaque up to 34% and gingivitis up to 35% (Prevention in Clinical Oral Health Care. By David P. Cappelli, DMD, MPH, PhD, Connie Chenevert Mobley, PhD, RD. 2008).
The below information comes from a study titled: Cocoa Polyphenols and Their Potential Benefits for Human Health, which was conducted by I. Andújar et al and published in October of 2012.
Why Chocolate May not Be a Primary Reason for Cavities
Over the last few decades chocolate has been seen as the enemy of teeth, with intake of chocolate being considered detrimental for tooth health. This negative effect is because high concentrations of sugar, as well as other compounds present in the chocolate are the prime mechanisms for the cavities in the chocolate.
Dark Chocolate for the Protection against Cavities
Research studies conducted by Ferrazzano et al. noted the protective effect of dark chocolate (cocoa) on dental caries. Dark Chocolate contains a dextransucrase enzyme which naturally inhibits the formation of plaque caused by sucrose / sugar. Dark chocolate also contains an abundance of phenolic substances, which exhibit anticaries effects.
A research study involving rats that were exposed to the cavity forming bacteria Streptococcus sobrinus, were fed a water-soluble extract of dark chocolate powder (cocoa). The study that the rats exhibited significantly less cavities. Other studies found that cocoa polyphenols inhibited the growth of S. sanguinis, but not Streptococcus mutans. However dark chocolate was able to inhibit acid production responsible for cavities from sucrose.
A Natural Dark Chocolate Mouth Wash
A recent study used ground husks of cocoa beans (which are abundant in polyphenols) to make a mouthwash. The study found that the mouthwash reduced mutans streptococci counts up to 20.9% and plaque decreased up to 49.6% (Chocolate mouth rinse: Effect on plaque accumulation and mutans streptococci counts when used by children. Srikanth RK et al. June 2008).
The following information comes from a meta-data analysis study titled: Plant Polyphenols and Their Anti-Cariogenic Properties: A Review, which was conducted by Gianmaria F. Ferrazzano, et al and published in February of 2011.
Dark Chocolate reduces the adherence of Streptococcus mutans
Research studies conducted by Smullen et al discovered that cocoa, red grape seeds and green tea extracts all contain an abundance of polyphenols which are effective against the adherence Streptococcus mutans. Another study found that a cocoa polyphenol pentamer significantly reduced biofilm adherence that was produced by Streptococcus mutans and S.sanguinis.
Another in vivo study demonstrated that the cavity protection effect of chocolate with high cocoa levels was less than 40% of sucrose and was also lower than chocolate that had low cocoa levels.
Phenolic Substances exhibit Cavity Protection
Studies suggest that phenolic substances are one of the prime mechanisms responsible exhibiting protection against cavities, most likely due to their inhibition of synthesis of the water insoluble glucans.
Polyphenols for Protection against Cavities
An in-vitro study discovered that tea polyphenols showed no effect on the de/remineralisation enamel, however the cavity protection came from anti-microbial activity.
The Composition of Dark Chocolate
Cocoa powder contains up to 50mg of polyphenols per gram. Flavanols in cocoa exist as monomers catechin and epicatechin and contain proanthocyanidins or condensed tannins (Cocoa and Chocolate in Human Health and Disease. David L. Katz et al. Nov 2011).
Dr. Christopher's Herbal Tooth Powder
This Herbal Tooth Powder contains Peppermint Leaf, Licorice Root, Prickly Ash Bark, White Oak Bark, Cloves, Stevia, Propolis, Ginger Root and wildcrafted Shavegrass is used to keep the teeth strong and prevent cavities.
Xylitol
A natural sweetener, scientifically proven to prevent cavities (Xylitol in preventing dental caries: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Chandrashekar Janakiram et al. Jan 2017), (Effect of erythritol and xylitol on dental caries prevention in children. Honkala S et al. 2014), (Dental plaque formation and salivary mutans streptococci in schoolchildren after use of xylitol-containing chewing gum. Holgerson PL et al. Mar 2007).
Stevia
Another natural sweetener. Showed very potent antiplaque and anti-gingivitis properties reducing plaque up to 10% and a strong reduction in gingival scores (Effectiveness of stevia as a mouthrinse among 12 to 15-year-old schoolchildren in Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh - A randomized controlled trial. Kuna Vandana et al. Jan 2017), (Stevia in the fight against dental caries. Ma MS and Blanksma NG. Jan 2015).
Excessive Stevia Intake and Brain Damage
A research study looking at a number of artificial sweeteners, including Stevia, found that Stevia is composed of stevioside and rebaudioside A. These substances are rich in the minerals cobalt, iron and manganese. In a study conducted on rats, Stevia showed a reduced reduction for rats to navigate a water maze as well as exhibited signs of cellular apoptosis in the rats. The study concluded that the reason for the neuronal damage occurring may have been due to the mineral components of stevia. Further research on artificial sweeteners aspartame and sucralose found significant percentages of neuronal damage (cellular apoptosis) occurred, compared to the control group (Neurotropic effects of aspartame, stevia and sucralose on memory retention and on the histology of the hippocampus of the ICR mice (Mus musculus). Lejan Miguel Alabastro Villareal et al. Feb 2016).
Luo Han Kuo fruit extract (Siraitia grosvenori)
Another natural sweetener. Has shown inhibitory ability against oral bacterial species Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans and yeast Candida albicans. This powder is 250 to 400 times sweeter than sugar. It also has medicinal properties that include healing throat infections, coughs, heat stroke, constipation and diabetes.
Yogurt
The first studies of the use of probiotics for enhancing oral health were tested for the effectiveness against periodontal inflammation. Patients with various periodontal diseases, pregnancy gingivitis, gingivitis and periodontitis were locally treated with a culture supernatant of a L. acidophilus strain (found in abundance in yogurt and fermented milk). Significant recovery was reported for almost every patient (Probiotics in periodontal health and disease that was conducted by Anirban Chatterjee et al. and published in January of 2011).
Green and Black Tea
A research study found that both green and black tea inhibited the growth of Streptococcus mutans when used as a mouthwash with Black Tea showing the best results. When Chlorhexidine (0.2%) was added, it created a beneficial synergy with enhanced the results (An In vitro Study to Compare the Effect of Different Types of Tea with Chlorhexidine on Streptococcus mutans. Dona Elizabeth George et al. Sept 2017), (Effectiveness of Black Tea Mouthwash on Plaque Formation. Dr. Smitha K.B, Sri Hasanamba Dental College and Hospital. Sept 2015), (Effect of green tea mouthwash on reducing plaque and gingivitis. Elham Romoozi et al. Dec 2017), (An In vitro Study to Compare the Effect of Different Types of Tea with Chlorhexidine on Streptococcusmutans. George DE et al. Sept 2017).
Oolong Tea
This tea has a high number of monomeric polyphenols which showed a stronger inhibitory effect on the growth of the disease oral causing bacteria S. mutans compared to green tea and black tea (An In vitro Study to Compare the Effect of Different. Types of Tea with Chlorhexidine on Streptococcus mutans. Dona Elizabeth George et al. Sept 2017).
Additional research studies conducted on oolong, green and black teas showed the tea polyphenols exerted an anti-cavity effects via their anti-microbial modes-of-action. Also the galloyl esters of epicatechin, epigallocatechin and gallocatechin, which are found in the teas, exhibit strong antibacterial activities. The study concluded that anti-cariogenic effects against bacteria that cause cavities (streptococci) by polyphenols from dark chocolate, coffee and tea should be studied further for the prevention of pathogenesis of dental caries nti-cariogenic effects of polyphenols from plant stimulant beverages (cocoa, coffee, tea). Ferrazzano GF et al. May 2009).
In summary, there is an abundance of foods that help prevent / treat cavities. The secret is knowing which foods to take and that is what this book is all about, giving you the best foods to prevent / heal cavities and keep your teeth healthy and strong all lifelong.
Biofilms and Hydrophobicity
Hydrophobic Substances for defeating Bad Bacteria
The term hydrophobic also goes by the name biofilm. This means that a substance that is applied to a surface greatly reduces the ability for bad bacteria to cling to it. One example is the Lotus Seed. For example, a 1,288 Lotus Seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) from a lake bed at Pulantien, Liaoning Province, China was successfully germinated. It is the oldest directly dated seed ever reported, being one of the early crops of lotus cultivated by Buddhists. It not only germinated but is still growing strong (since March, 1994). Of six lotus fruits that were planted, over two-thirds germinated more than 1,000 years later (Exceptional Seed Longevity and Robust Growth: Ancient Sacred Lotus from China. J. Shen-Miller et al. 1995). This is because the exterior surface of the Lotus Seed contains a slippery, hydrophobic surface, that keeps bad bacteria away, thus preserving it for centuries (Wikipedia - Lotus effect).
The Lotus Seed has been proven to have a 1,300-year or more lifespan (that we currently know of), allowing it to sprout after over 1,000 years. This is due to its exceptional ability to repel water, which is known as the lotus effect. The lotus effect is caused by nanoscopic particles which contain closely packed protuberances , which act as a self-cleaning mechanism upon its leaves. Hence over time these leaves have evolved as self-cleaning mechanisms. This method is also employed in the industrial paint, Lotusan (Exceptional Seed Longevity and Robust Growth: Ancient Sacred Lotus from China. J. Shen-Miller, et al. Nov 1995).
Further Reading
Genome of the long-living sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn). Ray Ming, et al. May 2013.
Hydrophobic Substances
Quercetin, Chicory
Quercetin Synergists - Ampcillin, Cephradine, Ceftiaxone, Imidenem and Methicillin.
Red Wine with Grape Seed Extract
Red Wine with Grape Seed Extract reduces the ability of bad bacteria to cling to teeth (In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Effect on Biofilm Production of a White Grape Juice (Vitis vinifera) Extract Angela Filocamo, et al. Dec 2015), (Red wine and oenological extracts display antimicrobial effects in an oral bacteria biofilm model. Muñoz-González et al. May 2014).
Plant Extracts that Exhibit Biofilm Activity
A Meta-Analyses study involving 1848 articles found that plant extracts displaying anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm activity included: Coffea canephora, Camellia sinensis, Vitis vinifera, Pinus spp., Vaccinium macrocarpon, Caesalpinia ferrea Martius, Galla chinensis, Psidium cattleianum, representative Brazilian plants and manuka honey (Natural Antimicrobials and Oral Microorganisms: A Systematic Review on Herbal Interventions for the Eradication of Multispecies Oral Biofilms Lamprini Karygianni, et al. Jan 2016).
Further Reading
Grape Seed Extract Exerts Abhesive Effect Against Staphylococcus aureus: In vitro Study. Marwan S.M. Al-Nimer. et al. 2012.
Mechanism of Bacterial Inactivation by (+)-Limonene and Its Potential Use in Food Preservation Combined Processes. Laura Espina, et al. Feb 2013
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Effect on Biofilm Production of a White Grape Juice (Vitis vinifera) Extract. Angela Filocamo et al. Aug 2015.
Effect of Wine Wastes Extracts on the Viability and Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Carolina María Viola et al. 2018.
Good Dental Hygiene Contributes to Longevity
Many substances that exhibit potent lifespan extension effects are also powerful cavity prevention substances. For example below is a short list of the substances covered in this book that help prevent cavities.
Black tea extract Boosts Superoxide Dismutase Levels (Peng C. Dec 2009). Black Tea and Grape Seed are SIRT1 activators. Black Tea contains the powerful anti-aging substance Thioflavin T, which is a potent inhibitor of amyloids that cause Alzheimer’s (Grelle G et al. Dec 2011).
Thioflavin T has been shown to extend lifespan up to 78% spanning three strains of Caenorhabditis species. This is due to the amyloid dye. (Amyloid-binding compounds maintain protein homeostasis during ageing and extend lifespan. Alavez S et al. Apr 2011), (Regulation of Aging and Age-Related Disease by DAF-16 and Heat-Shock Factor Ao-Lin Hsu et al. May 2003), (Article - A chemical that stains Alzheimer's-associated proteins may help cells to cope with toxic trash. Ewen Callaway. Nature Mar 2011).
Resveratrol and Black Tea Polyphenol Combination Synergistically Suppress Mouse Skin Tumors. Jasmine George, et al. Aug 2011). Resveratrol, found in abundance in red wine, extends lifespan. (Lifespan and healthspan extension by resveratrol. Bhullar KS and Hubbard BP. June 2015).
Peptides, used in cavity Vaccines, extend lifespan (A deuterohemin peptide extends lifespan and increases stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Guan S et al. Jul 2010). (Drosophila insulin-like peptide dilp1 increases lifespan and glucagon-like Akh expression epistatic to dilp2. Post S et al. Feb 2019), (Dental Caries Vaccine. A Possible Option? Shanmugam KT et al. pr 2013).
Dark Chocolate for Diabetics
A research study suggested that daily consumption of flavanols from dark chocolate may act as a preventive tool for the nutritional management of people with diabetes. However, the study recommended caution as commercial cocoa products or chocolates contain low amounts of flavanols and may be rich in sugar and calories, which may aggravate glycaemic control in patients with diabetes (Effects of Cocoa Antioxidants in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Sonia Ramos, et al. Oct 2017).
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